In the Ancient Near East, this transition took place in the wake of the Bronze Age collapse, in the 12th century BC. The "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has advanced to the point where iron tools and weapons replace their bronze equivalents in common use. It is defined by archaeological convention. The duration of the Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. It is also considered the third phase, of three, in the Metal Ages. The concept has been mostly applied to Iron Age Europe and the Ancient Near East, but also, by analogy, to other parts of the Old World. It was preceded by the Stone Age ( Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age. The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity.
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